Question 1

How much does a heat pump cost including installation?

Accepted Answer

Total costs depend on the heat pump type: An air-source heat pump costs €15,000–25,000 including installation, a ground-source probe €20,000–35,000, and a water-source heat pump €25,000–40,000. Additional costs may include radiator replacement, hydraulic balancing, and buffer storage. BAFA subsidies (30–70%) significantly reduce net costs.

Question 2

How much is the BAFA subsidy for heat pumps in 2026?

Accepted Answer

The BAFA base subsidy is 30% of eligible costs (max. €30,000). Additional bonuses include the Climate Speed Bonus (+20%) when replacing old fossil heating, and the Income Bonus (+30%) for household income ≤ €40,000/year. A maximum combined subsidy rate of 70% is possible, equaling up to €21,000.

Question 3

What is the seasonal COP and why is it so important?

Accepted Answer

The seasonal COP indicates how much heat a heat pump produces per kilowatt-hour of electricity used — measured over a full year. A COP of 3.5 means: 1 kWh of electricity produces 3.5 kWh of heat. The higher the COP, the lower the electricity costs. Good values: air-source 2.8–3.5, ground-source 3.5–4.5, water-source 4.0–5.0.

Question 4

Is a heat pump worthwhile in an old building?

Accepted Answer

Yes, a heat pump can also be worthwhile in an old building — provided insulation is at least average and flow temperatures are below 55°C. Important steps: insulating the building envelope, possibly replacing small radiators with larger ones or underfloor heating, and hydraulic balancing. For poorly insulated old buildings (pre-1970), insulation should come first.

Question 5

How much electricity does a heat pump use per year?

Accepted Answer

Electricity consumption equals heating demand divided by COP. A typical single-family home with 20,000 kWh heating demand and a COP of 3.5 uses about 5,700 kWh of electricity per year. At 30 ct/kWh, that's about €1,700 in electricity costs — significantly less than gas (€2,400) or oil (€2,200).

Question 6

Can I combine the BAFA bonuses (climate + income)?

Accepted Answer

Yes, the bonuses are combinable! Base subsidy (30%) + Climate Speed Bonus (20%) + Income Bonus (30%) = theoretically 80%, but there's a cap at 70%. For the climate bonus, you must replace a functioning fossil heating system (at least 20 years old). The income bonus applies with a maximum taxable household income of €40,000.

Question 7

Do I need hydraulic balancing?

Accepted Answer

Yes, hydraulic balancing is essential for efficient heat pump operation and has been mandatory for subsidized installations since 2024. It optimally adjusts each radiator so heat is distributed evenly and flow temperature stays as low as possible. Cost: €500–1,500, also eligible for subsidies.

Question 8

How long until a heat pump pays for itself?

Accepted Answer

Payback time depends on net costs, annual savings, and energy price increases. Typical values: With 30% subsidy replacing gas: 8–12 years. With 50–70% subsidy: 4–8 years. Rising gas prices (3%/year) further shorten the payback period.

Question 9

Heat pump and solar: How much more can I save?

Accepted Answer

With a PV system, heat pump electricity costs drop by 20–40%, depending on self-consumption share. At 30% self-consumption and a PV electricity cost of 8 ct/kWh, the effective electricity price drops from 30 to about 23.4 ct/kWh. Additionally, PV electricity reduces CO2 emissions to nearly zero for the self-consumed portion.

Question 10

Which heat pump is right — air, ground, or water source?

Accepted Answer

Air-source is cheapest (€15,000–25,000) and easiest to install, but has the lowest COP (2.8–3.5). Ground-source offers higher efficiency (COP 3.5–4.5) but needs space for ground probes or surface collectors. Water-source has the highest COP (4.0–5.0) but requires groundwater access and water rights permits.

Guide: Heat Pump Calculator

Heat Pump 2026: Costs, Subsidies & When It Really Pays Off — The Independent Guide

BAFA Heat Pump Subsidy 2026: All Bonuses and How to Stack Them

Heat Pump Seasonal COP: What It Means and What's a Good Value

Air-Source vs. Ground-Source Heat Pump: Which Is Better for My Home?

Combining a Heat Pump with Solar Panels: How It Pays Off

Heat Pump in Old Buildings: What Needs Renovation First?