LPG and CNG: The Forgotten Alternatives
While public debate focuses on electric vs. combustion, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Autogas) and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) lead a niche existence. Yet both drivetrain types offer a significant cost advantage over petrol and diesel -- with lower emissions to boot.
LPG (Autogas): Cheap Through Conversion
LPG is a by-product of oil refining and the cheapest fuel at the pump. The current price is about EUR 0.75/L -- less than half of petrol. However, an LPG vehicle consumes about 15-20% more than on petrol, as LPG has a lower energy content.
Cost Comparison LPG vs. Petrol at 15,000 km/Year
Petrol: 7.5 L/100km x EUR 1.75 = EUR 1,969/year. LPG: 10.0 L/100km x EUR 0.75 = EUR 1,125/year. Savings: EUR 844 per year.
Conversion: Costs and Payback
Converting a petrol car to LPG costs between EUR 1,500 and 3,000, depending on the vehicle and system. The system consists of a gas tank (usually in the spare wheel well), evaporator, gas injection, and control unit. The vehicle keeps its petrol tank and can switch back at any time.
With annual savings of EUR 844, the conversion pays for itself in 1.8 to 3.6 years. For vehicles with long remaining life (at least 4-5 years planned), LPG is therefore an economically sensible option.
Filling Station Network
With about 6,000 LPG stations in Germany, supply is good -- significantly better than CNG or hydrogen. Almost every larger gas station has an LPG pump. For longer journeys, you can always switch to petrol as a backup.
CNG (Natural Gas): Cheap from the Factory
CNG vehicles are offered by several manufacturers from the factory (including VW, SEAT, Skoda, Fiat). Natural gas has a higher energy content than LPG, which means consumption is comparable to petrol -- at a significantly lower price.
Cost Comparison CNG vs. Petrol at 15,000 km/Year
Petrol: 7.5 L/100km x EUR 1.75 = EUR 1,969/year. CNG: 4.5 kg/100km x EUR 1.35 = EUR 911/year. Savings: EUR 1,058 per year.
The savings are even higher than with LPG, and no conversion is needed. However, the premium for a CNG model over the petrol equivalent is EUR 1,500-3,000.
The Problem: Thin Filling Station Network
With only about 800 CNG stations in Germany, infrastructure is the biggest disadvantage. Longer trips require careful planning. Many CNG vehicles therefore have an additional petrol tank as a reserve. The number of stations is stagnating, as political focus is on electromobility.
Emissions Comparison
Both alternative fuels are cleaner than petrol and diesel: LPG: about 15% less CO2 than petrol, less particulate matter. CNG: about 25% less CO2 than petrol, almost no particulate matter. For comparison: an EV in the German electricity mix produces about 60% less CO2 than a petrol car. LPG and CNG are thus a middle ground -- better than petrol but not as clean as electric.
Conclusion: Who Should Consider Switching?
LPG is particularly suitable for petrol drivers who want to keep using their existing vehicle and drive at least 12,000-15,000 km per year. Payback is quick and the filling station network is good. CNG is ideal for new car buyers looking for an affordable factory vehicle who live in a region with acceptable CNG infrastructure. Both options will be displaced by electromobility in the long run but still offer a real cost advantage today.
